高中英语宾语从句总结
1高中英语语法总结：宾语从句
高中英语语法总结中宾语从句是用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。他的构成是关联词+简单句。引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：
(1) 从属连词that。如：
He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。
I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。
注： that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。
1、 Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)
大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
2、I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)
对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。
3、That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)
我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
4、 We decided in view of his special circumstances that we would admit him for a probationary period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)
鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。
(2)从属连词if/whether。如：
I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。
I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。
(3)连接代词who whom whose what which whoever whatever whichever
连接副词 where when how why。
如：
Who or what he was Martin never learned.
他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。
I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。
I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。
You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。
(1) 介词宾语从句
宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.
他对那天发生的事感到很不快。
I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。
I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
有时介词可以省略。如：
I don’t care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。
Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。
解释：
1、如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他已表明他不会屈服。
2、作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except but in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如：
He is a good student except that he is careless.
他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。
You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。
介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如：
Are you sorry for what you've done?
你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗?
3、某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure glad certain pleased happy afraid surprised satisfied等，连词that可省略。如：
I am not sure what I ought to do.
我不能确定我该做什么。
I'm afraid you don't understand what I said.
恐怕你没领会我说的意思。
I'm surprised that I didn't see all that before.
我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。
4、连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句
if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。如：
I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。
用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用wheter。试比较：
Please let me know if you want to go.
Please let me know whether you want to go.
if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。
5、宾语从句的否定转移。在think believe suppose expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：
I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。
I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
I don’t suppose he cares does he? 我想他不在意，是吗?
6、 宾语从句的时态变化规律：
(1) 当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。
(2) 当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如：
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
老师说地球绕着太阳运行。
2高中英语语法总结：宾语从句用虚拟语气的10种类型
一、I wish后的宾语从句
动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could＋have ＋过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would （could）＋动词原形。如：
I wish I could be of some use． 我希望我能有什么用处。
We wish he didn’t smoke． 我们希望他不吸烟。
I wish prices would come down． 我希望物价能降下来。
I wish the train would come． 我希望火车会来。
二、表示“坚持”后的宾语从句
主要是指insist的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should＋动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
I insisted that he （should） stay． 我坚持要他留下。
He insisted that I （should） go with them． 他坚持要我同他们一起去。
Rose insisted that he be present． 罗斯坚持要他出席。
The detective insisted that he should have a look． 警探坚持要查看。
注意：动词insist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。比较：
He insisted that I had read his letter． 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter． 他坚持要我看他的信。
三、表示“命令”后的宾语从句
主要是指order， command的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should＋动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He ordered that it （should） be sent back． 他命令把它送回去。
Thejudge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded． 法官命令被告还押。
The King ordered that the man be released． 国王命令释放那人。
He commanded that we （should） attack at once． 他命令我们立即发起进攻。
四、表示“建议”后的宾语从句
主要是指advise， suggest， propose， recommend等的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should＋动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He suggested that we should leave early． 他建议我们早点动身。
The doctor advised that he change his job． 医生劝他换工作。
They recommend that this tax be abolished． 他们建议取消这种税。
I suggest that we （should） have lunch right now． 我建议我们现在就吃午饭。
The committee proposed （that） Mr． Day be elected． 委员会建议推选戴先生。
The doctor advised [suggested] that he （should） not smoke． 医生建议他不要抽烟。
I propose that the matter be put to the vote at once． 我提议对此问题立刻进行表决。
He proposed that Mr． O’Leary be the chairman． 他提议奥列利先生担任主席。
She suggested that I （should） be responsible for the arrangements． 她建议我来负责进行安排。
注意：与动词insist相似，动词suggest后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别也是：若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气，此时suggest通常译为“建议”；若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实，则要用陈述语气，此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。比较并体会：
He suggested that we （should） stay for dinner． 他建议我们留下吃饭。
What he said suggested that he was a cheat． 他说的话表明他是个骗子。
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him． 我觉得你与他心照不宣。
五、表示“要求”后的宾语从句
主要是指ask， demand， require， request等后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should＋动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
I ask that he leave． 我要求他走开。
He requires that I （should） appear． 他要求我出场。
They require that I go at once． 他们要求我立刻走。
I demand that John （should） go there at once． 我要求约翰立即到那里去。
I requested that he should use his in fluence on my behalf． 我请求他为我施用他的影响。
The asked that the message be given to Madame immediately． 他要求把信息立即带给夫人。
They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult man． 他们要求给予每个成年男子以选举权。
六、表示“提议”“投票”后的宾语从句
主要是指move， vote等后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should＋动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
I move that we accept the proposal． 我提议通过这项提案。
Mr． Chairman， I beg to move that the meeting be adjourned． 主席先生，我提议休会。
Congress has voted that the present law be maintained． 国会投票决定维持现在这条法律。
Claudel moved that Norwood should be made a member of the committee． 克洛戴尔提出动议，让诺伍德当一名委员。
七、表示“敦促”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词urge后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should＋动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He urges that the restrictions be lifted． 他敦促取消这些限制。
He urged that they go to Europe． 他敦促他们到欧洲去。
He urged that the rates should be reduced． 他敦请减轻捐税。
He urged that the matter should go to arbitration． 他极力主张这件事要提交仲裁。
They urged that relief work should be given priority． 他们敦促将救济工作放在优先位置。
八、表示“安排”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词arrange后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should＋动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He arranged that I should go abroad． 他安排我去国外。
I arranged that Tom should meet them． 我安排好叫汤姆去接他们。
They arranged that the minister should be met at the airport． 他们安排在机场迎接这位部长。
It was arranged that they should leave the following spring． 已安排好他们第二年春天离开。
They’ve arranged that I should absent myself for part of the meeting． 他们安排好让我一部分时间不在开会现场。
九、表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词desire， intend后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should＋动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
She desires that he do it． 她希望他做此事。
They intended that the news （should） be suppressed． 他们打算封锁这条消息。
I desire the patient should have a bath every day． 我希望病人每天洗澡。
十、表示“指示”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词direct后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should＋动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
The general directed that the prisoners should be set free． 将军指示释放那些俘虏。
3高中宾语从句总结
(1) 介词宾语从句
宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。
如：
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day
I walked over to where she sat.
我走向她坐的地方。
I am curious as to what he will say.
我很想知道他要说什么。
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
有时介词可以省略。如：
I don’t care (for) who marries him.
我不管谁跟他结婚。
Be careful (as to) how you do that.
你要注意做这件事的方式。
解释：
1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如： We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. He has made it clear that he will not give in.
2.作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except but in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如：
He is a good student except that he is careless.
You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。
介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如：
Are you sorry for what you've done?
3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure glad certain pleased happy afraid surprised satisfied等，连词that可省略。如：
I am not sure what I ought to do.
I'm afraid you don't understand what I said.
I'm surprised that I didn't see all that before.
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
4.连词whether (or not)或if引导的宾语从句
if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。如：
I wonder whether it is true or not.
我不知它是真是假。
用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用wheter。试比较：
Please let me know if you want to go.
Please let me know whether you want to go.
if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。
5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think believe suppose expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：
I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。
I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.
I don’t suppose he cares does he? 我想他不在意，是吗?
6. 宾语从句的时态变化规律：
(1) 当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。
(2) 当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。
如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
宾语从句简介：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
一、宾语从句用法 宾语从句的连接词：
(一)、从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有thatifwhether。
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，if和whether，whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。
He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year. 他告诉我他明年上大学。
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车。
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试。
（二）关联代词
连接代词主要有whowhomwhosewhatwhoeverwhomeverwhoseverwhateverwhichever等。
连接代词一般指疑问，但whatwhatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述。
Do you know who has won Red Alert game？
你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么？
The book will show you what the best CEO should know.
Have you determined whichever you should buya Motorola or Nokia cell phone？
（三）关联副词
连接副词主要有when where why how whenever wherever however等.
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Could you please tell me how you use the new panel
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
二、动词的宾语从句
大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect （that ）they will winfor members of their team are stronger.
He told us （that） they would help us through the whole work.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out （that） all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
Can you work out （that）how much we will spend during the trip
动词短语也可以带宾语从句 常见的这些词有：
make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find feel consider make believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天写日记成了习惯.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it（双宾语）
这类动词主要有：hatetakeowehavesee to.
I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
We take it that you will agree with us.
我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engineyou must see to it that car is in neutral.
开启发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的.
三、介词的宾语从句
用whether之类的介词宾语从句：
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
用thatif引导的介词宾语从句
有时候exceptbutbesides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知.
四、形容词的宾语从句
有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句，例如；
1. I am sorry I am late.
2. I am glad that you can join us.
3. Are you sure his answer is right?
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有：
surecer taing ladp lease happy sorry afraid satisfied surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.
我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
五、if与whether
① if和whether在作“是否”解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词know ask care wonder find out等之后，介词后一般不用if
② 少数动词，如：leave put discuss doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
③ whether后可以加or not但是if不可以.
④ 在不定式前只能用whether.
（如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。）
⑥一般“no matt”后表“是否”用whether而不用if
六、不省略引导词that
当that作learn sugges texplaina greew onder prove means tate feel hold等动词的宾语时；
当宾语从句较长时；
当主语状语置于主句尾，宾语从句之前时；
当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时；
当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略；
当宾语从句中的主语是thisthat或thisthat做主语的定语时；
当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时；
当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时；
当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时；
当宾语从句有it做其先行词时；
在直接引语中，转述分句把宾语从句隔开时. 当that在从句中充当主语时.
七、否定转移
宾语从句的反意疑问句
主句的谓语动词是think believe imagine suppose considerex pectfancy guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jimis he
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，是不是
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.通常我们称为否定前疑。
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefullydoes he
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是。
八、时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
当主句为过去时
① 从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
I only knew he was studying in a western countrybut I didn’t know what country he was in.
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.
②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary.
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
④如果从句是一个客观真理，那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
老师昨天说月亮围着地球转.
⑤当宾语从句的引导词是whowhichwhatwhenwherehowwhy等表疑问时，不能按正常语序安排，经常将这类引导词置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.
从句使用--四注意
一、高中宾语从句要点之时态的呼应
1. 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。
例如: I hear she is here today(she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.)
2. 如果主句是一般过去时宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。
例如: He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。
3. 如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等从句不受主句时态限制仍用一般现在时。
例如: Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
二、高中宾语从句要点之引导词的使用
1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时用that来引导从句that常无具体意义一般可省略。
例如: Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring.
2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时要用if或whether来引导从句。
例如: David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.
3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who whose what which)或连接副词(如when where why how)引导宾语从句。
例如: Do you know what we can do on the island?
I don’t know why Jane was late for school this morning.
三、高中宾语从句要点之语序的陈述化
宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。
例如: When did he leave? I want to know. →I want to know when he left.
Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? →Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day?
四、高中宾语从句要点之否定转移
当主句的谓语动词为think believe suppose等动词且主语为第一人称时从句的否定要转移到主句上。
例如: I don’t believe he is here on time is he?
I don’t think Tom is the best student in his class is he?